The Sabbats
Northern Hemisphere
Imbolc – Feb. 2
Ostara – Mar. 21/22
Beltane – Apr. 30/May 1
Litha – June 21/22
Lammas – Jul. 31/Aug. 1
Mabon – Sept. 21/22
Samhain – Oct. 31
Yule – Dec. 21/22
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Southern Hemisphere Dates
Imbolc – August 1st
Ostara – September 21st/22nd
Beltane – Oct 31st/Nov 1st
Litha – Dec 21st/22nd
Lammas – Feb 1st/2nd
Mabon – March 21st
Samhain – April 30th/May 1st
Yule – June 21st
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This life-giving relationship between masculine and feminine energies is honored now, perhaps more directly at this Sabbat than at any other point on the Wheel of the Year. In the cyclical story of the Goddess and the God, this is the shift between their mother-child relationship to that of partners in co-creation.
Wiccans recognize Beltane as a time to celebrate the return of passion, vitality, fun and frivolity, and the co-creative energies of Nature that are so evident at this time of year. By this point all living creatures have come out of hibernation and are enjoying the sunshine and the mild days.
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Also known as: May Day, Walpurgisnacht, Floralia, Calan Mai By the time May 1st arrives in the Northern Hemisphere, spring is truly in full swing and the balance is tipping toward summer. The heat of the Sun increases with each day, and the Earth turns ever-deepening shades of green as buds and blossoms give way to the emerging new leaves. Flowers seem to explode along the roadsides while birds, bees, and other flying creatures fill the air. And even if a stray chill sneaks back in for a day or two around this time, there’s still no going back—winter is decidedly over.
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In fact, May 1st marked the official beginning of the light half of the year in pre-modern times, making this day the official beginning of summer for our Celtic ancestors. Indeed, Beltane—or May Day as it is also known—is a time for exuberant celebration, as the long, warm days and the lush abundance of the growing season are ramping up. The hopeful feeling that was kindled at Imbolc and built upon at Ostara now comes into full fruition.
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​Beltane is a celebration that has a long (and sometimes scandalous) history. It's a time when the Earth mother opens up to the fertility god, and their union brings about healthy livestock, strong crops, and new life all around. The magic of the season reflects this.
Also called Litha, this summer solstice honors the longest day of the year. Take advantage of the extra hours of daylight and spend as much time as you can outdoors. There are many ways to celebrate Litha, but most focus on the power of the sun. It's the time of year when the crops are growing heartily and the earth has warmed up. Pagans can spend afternoons enjoying the outdoors and reconnecting to nature.
At the height of summer, the gardens and fields are full of flowers and crops, and the harvest is approaching. Take a moment to relax in the heat and reflect on the upcoming abundance of the fall months. At Lammas, sometimes called Lughnasadh, it's time to reap what has been sown throughout the past few months and recognize that the bright summer days will soon come to an end.
Typically the focus is on the early harvest aspect or the celebration of the Celtic god Lugh. It's the season when the first grains are ready to be harvested and threshed, when the apples and grapes are ripe for the plucking, and pagans are grateful for the food we have on our tables.
During the autumn equinox, the harvest is winding down. The fields are nearly empty because the crops have been plucked and stored for the coming winter. Mabon is the mid-harvest festival, and it is when pagans take a few moments to honor the changing seasons and celebrate the second harvest.
Many pagans and Wiccan spend the equinox giving thanks for what they have, whether it is abundant crops or other blessings. While pagans celebrate the gifts of the earth during this time, they also accept that the soil is dying. They may have food to eat, but the crops are brown and withering up. Warmth has now past, and cold lies ahead during this seasonal shift when there's an equal amount of day and night.
Ostara is the time of the vernal equinox. Rituals usually observe the coming of spring and the fertility of the land. Pay attention to agricultural changes, such as the ground becoming warmer, and look for the plants to slowly surface from the ground.
Observed during the frigid month of February, Imbolc reminds pagans that spring will come soon. During Imbolc, some people focus on the Celtic goddess Brighid, especially as a deity of fire and fertility. Others concentrate on the cycles of the season and agricultural markers.
Imbolc is a time to harness the magical energy related to the feminine aspects of the goddess, of new beginnings, and of fire. It's also a good season to focus on divination and increasing your own magical gifts and abilities.
For people of nearly any religious background, the winter solstice is a time to gather with loved ones. Pagans and Wiccans celebrate the solstice as the Yule season, which focuses on rebirth and renewal as the sun makes its way back to the earth.
Focus on this time of new beginnings with your magical workings. Welcome light and warmth into your home and embrace the fallow season of the earth.
Samhain is known by most folks living in America today as "Halloween" . a day of kids in costumes trick-or-treating for candy and enjoying a good haunted house if you're lucky. Although too, you may have heard of it referred to by your elders as "All hallows eve" and hear about fond memories of decorating including pumpkin carving, apple bobbing's and maybe even a trick or few throughout the night while sharing spooky stories and folklore from generations past and lands far far away. Other common names: for Halloween include Hallowmas, the Day of the Dead, Festival of Spirits, Third Harvest, and the Celtic New Year. For those who have lacked in the symbology, the Celts regarded the concept of the carved pumpkin with a candle inside it as the Light shining from the Soul the human head as the Seat of the Soul.
But, for those of the "White Hoop" especially in such times passed such as the 1600's whose bloodlines connect to such as the Norse, Wiccans and Pagans it's considered a very important and sacred Sabbath, very much in the same way as is the Wounded Knee Massacre to our tribal brothers and sisters, Samhain has always been respected as being among the "season" to honor the ancestors who came before us such as our tribal relatives were commencing with Ghost Dance until being blatantly slaughtered while In active ceremonial ritual. Both concur in that it is during this sacred time that the "veil" so to speak between here and he nether realms is "thinnest" that is to say easiest connectible or as some say and believe, overlap even.
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Honoring your ancestors is a very special thing to do at this time and can be done in many simple ways. Think about all those departed souls from your life, both family and friends, children may wish to remember pets even - place photographs of them on your altar. Offer them your hospitality, welcome their presence into your home.
At your Samhain feast, consider laying an extra place for them to join you at the table - cook and eat their favorite dishes, talk about them - re-member them, bring them closer. Another suggestion we make is for You and your children can also include in your alter, as well as make an offering for departed pets by leaving some dog or cat food outside on Halloween night for example, many night creatures appreciate this offering. But PLEASE be careful what you put outside - we used to put out bread and milk but are dismayed to find that this is fatal to hedgehogs which many do not know.
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As the first official holiday of autumn, the fields are bare, the leaves have fallen more than not from the trees, and the skies are going gray and cold making it mark the beginning of a time of indoor work, thought and craftsmanship. .Autumn is the time of year when the Earth has began to die and go dormant such as they have and we one day will as well. As the Norse teach, it is a time to celebrate the completed harvest and honor the ancestors because without they and their wisdom teachings... We would not be nor have any we do. It is no coincidence that the "seasonal spirit" of these American holidays most common are "Halloween (October), then Thanksgiving (November), then Christmas (December)", followed by "New Year RESOLUTIONS and New Year BEGINNING... it's been the symbiology since time immortal throughout the evolution of humankind!
What the masses seem to no longer know is that this sabbath also honors God Odin in his Wild Hunt in Norse wisdom, as well as Gods: Coyote Brother (Native American), Hades (Greek), The Great Horned God (European), Loki (Norse), Pluto (Greco-Roman), Woden (Teutonic), Corn Father (Native American), Dis (Roman), Ghede (Voodun), Heimdall (Norse), Cronus (Greco-Phoenician), Odin (Norse), Sekhet (Egyptian), Xocatl (Aztec). And too we cannot forget to give homage to our beloved Goddesses: Hel (Norse) along with Goddesses Kali (Hindu), Keli-De (Irish), Marzana (Slavic), Nicnevin (Anglo-Scottish), Psyche (Greek), Hecate (Greek), Lilith (Hebrew),Mara (Persian), Morrigan (Celtic), Rhiannon (Welsh)
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In Europe Samhain was celebrated as a Celtic Fire festival, whereas in the Druid tradition, Samhain celebrates the dead with a festival on October 31 and usually features a bonfire and communion with the dead. American pagans often hold music and dance celebrations called Witches' Balls in proximity to Samhain. Ultimately though regardless of our DNA, this is the time when the veil between our world and the spirit realm is thin, so it's the perfect time of year to make contact with the dead in good medicine ways. With the growth and spread of Christianity as the dominant religion throughout Europe, and in turn the United States of America, Samhain time took on Christian names and guises. All Saints' Day or All Hallows on November 1 commemorated Christian saints and martyrs. All Souls' Day on November 2 was a remembrance for all souls of the dead. With the coming of Christian Spaniards to Mexico, the indigenous customs of honoring the dead at this time of year mixed with Roman Catholicism and gave birth to the Day of the Dead, Dia de los Muertos, in early November. Samhain shares the ancient spiritual practice of remembering and paying respects to the Dead with these related religious holidays of Christianity.
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Many of us celebrate Samhain over the course of several days and nights, and these extended observances usually include a series of solo rites as well as ceremonies, feasts, and gatherings with family, friends, and spiritual community. Annually KM honors the heart of the sabbath of Samhain as being under the Blue Moon. In the northern hemisphere, many Pagans celebrate Samhain from sundown on October 31 through November 1. Others hold Samhain celebrations on the nearest weekend or on the Full or New Moon closest to this time. But here nor there, the wisdom to be had is that every year on October 31, Samhain presents all of us with the opportunity to once more celebrate the cycle of death and rebirth, and is a time to reconnect with our ancestors and honor those who have died.
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