Sage: White Sage (Salvia apiana) & Sage (Salvia officinalis) are used as healing herbs and in Herbal Remedies.  The word 'Salvia' derives from the Latin "salvare" which means "to feel well and healthy, health, heal" referring to the herb's healing properties. Sage was used for smudging sacred space.

Sagebrush: Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) is an aromatic herb used to treat wounds in healing. Sagebrush was also used to treat headache and colds by burning sagebrush and inhaling the smoke

Cedar: Cedar (Calocedrus decurrens) is the cleansing and purifying herb. Cedar was frequently used to line the floor of a Sweat lodge and can also used for smudging. It was used by the Medicine Man to exorcise evil spirits and to purify sacred objects

Incense-cedar mistletoe: The cedar tree is also host to the aromatic Incense-cedar mistletoe (Phoradendron libocedri)a parasitic plant of the sandalwood family which can often be found hanging from the branches of the cedar tree

Sweetgrass:  Sweetgrass (Hierochloe oderata), aka Sweet Grass or Holy Grass, is traditionally used for blessings and in some healing ceremonies and Smudging Rituals. Sweetgrass does not produce an open flame when burned but produces a sweet-scented smoke similar to some incenses

Yarrow: Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) an aromatic herb and intensifies the medicinal action of other herbs taken with it. Yarrow helps eliminate toxins from the body during the smudging process

Nicotiana (Tobacco - N. tobacum and N. rustica): The earliest form of tobacco was called kinnikinnick and consisted of the inner bark of red dogwood referred to as 'red willow. The smoke from the burning leaf was used for smudging sacred space.  Indian Tobacco (Lobelia inflata) and Rabbit tobacco (Pseudognaphalium californicum) and Basswood roots were also used

Sweet Gale: Leaves of the Sweet Gale (Myrica Gale L.) and Sweet Fern (Myrica asplenifolia L.) were used by some tribes to throw on the fire to make a smudge to keep away mosquitoes

Cow Parsnip (Heracleum lanatum) was used as a smudge in the hunting rituals of some tribes

Mugwort: Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) The mugwort plant contains essential oils (such as cineole, or wormwood oil, and thujone). Dried mugwort keeps a fire smouldering for a long time. Mugwort is used as a sacred smoking or smudging herb for protection or divination

Desert Lavender: Desert Lavender (Hyptis emoryi) is an aromatic herb used in smudging and cleansing rituals. The English word lavender is generally thought to be derived from Old French lavandre, ultimately from the Latin lavare (to wash)

Yellow Birch essential oil is made by steam distillation of the bark of a tree and used in Smudging Rituals

Carrot seed essential oil is steam-distilled from the dried seed of the wild carrot

Cedar Leaf essential oil (also called Thuja Oil) is steam-distilled from the fresh leaves and twigs of the Thuja occidentalis, a slow-growing, narrow conifer.

Balsam Fir essential oil is steam distilled from the needles and twigs of the northeast American balsam fir tree and used in Smudging Rituals

Juniper Berry. The scent is distilled from the ripe berries and used by native Americans for smudging, purification and healing

Bitter Orange: Bitter Orange essential oil is cold-pressed from the peel of a tree. help uplift moods and relieve stress in Smudging Rituals

Peppermint. The cool, clean smell of peppermint is distilled from the leaves and top of the herb and used in Smudging Rituals

Spearmint essential oil, which is steam distilled from the fresh flowering tops

Wintergreen essential oil is steam-distilled from the wild-crafted leaves

Wormwood. Wormwood essential oil is steam-distilled from the dried leaves and flowers of the plant. It has a high thujone content