Acorus Calamus var. Americanus
Sweet Flag
North America, Europe, China
Calamus was originally noted to have hallucinogenic properties through ethnobotanical research dating back to the 1960s. However, sweet flag has been held in high esteem by North American Indians for hundreds of years.

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Amanita Muscaria
Fly Agaric
Europe, Aisa, Africa, Americas
This mushroom could very well be human's oldest hallucinogen, as it has been identified as Soma of ancient India.

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Anadenanthera - Yopo, Cebil, Villca
Leguminosae - South America, West Indies
YOPO or PARICA (Anadenanthera peregrina or Piptadenia peregrina) is a South American tree of the bean family, Leguminosae. A potent hallucinogenic snuff is prepared from the seeds of this tree.

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Areca catechu - Betel Nut
Arecoline - Tropical and Subtropical climates
Betel nuts have been used as a drug for thousands of years. The practiced is thought to have started in south-east Asia and there is archaeological evidence to support this view.

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Argemone mexicana - Prickly Poppy
United States, India, Africa, Mexico
This is an extraodinarily interesting psychoactive plant, which is just now being rediscovered by psychonauts everywhere. Rich in history with the Aztecs, this poppy plant is presently legal worldwide.

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Argyreia nervosa - Hawaiian Baby Woodrose
Convovulaceae - India, Southeast Asia, Hawaii
Hawaiian Baby Woodrose seeds are perhaps one of the least understood of modern-day entheogens and exotic botanicals. There is much controversy in regards to its true place in Shamanic and traditional history outside of its native culture and home; India.

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Banisteriopsis caapi - Ayahuasca
South America, West Indies
Used in the western half of the Amazon Valley and by isolated tribes on the Pacific slopes of the Columbian and Ecuadorian Andes.

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Botany of Peyote (Lophophora williamsii)
Cactaceae - Mexico, Texas
The peyote cactus is a flowering plant of the family Cactaceae, which is a group of fleshy, spiny plants found primarily in the dry regions of the New World.

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Brugmansia aurea - Golden Angel's Trumpet
Solanaceae - Western South America
Golden Angel’s Trumpet is native to the highland areas around the Andes mountain range in South America. It is very well known throughout southern Columbia, Ecuador and Peru. It has also been transplanted throughout Mexico and Central America, and it is frequently confused with Datura.

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Brugmansia sanguinea - Blood-Red Angel's Trumpet
Solanaceae - South America
Bloodred Angel’s Trumpet is native to the midland and lowland areas around the Andes mountain range in South America. It grows wildly throughout Bolivia, Chile, Columbia, Ecuador, and Peru. It has also been found growing at sea level in Chile. The plant’s stems, flowers, leaves and seed are known to contain large quantities of tropane alkaloids.

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Brunfelsia grandiflora - Brunfelsia
Solanaceae - Northern South America, West Indies
Brunfelsia Grandiflora is a tree-like shrub indigenous to the tropical regions of South America, ranging from Venezuela to Bolivia and it is especially abundant in Brazil and on the Caribbean Islands.The plant’s psychoactive compounds are found in the leaves, stems and in the roots and root bark. The roots are especially abundant in active alkaloids like Aesculetine, Cuscohygrine, Manaceine, Manacine, Scopoletin.

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Caesalpinia sepiaria - Yun Shih
Leguminosae - Tropical and warm zones
This plant was reputedly used in China as hallucinogen, this is nearly all we know about this plant.

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Calea zacatechichi - Dream Herb
Compositae - Northern South America, Mexico
Calea zacatechichi is a plant used by the Chontal Indians of Mexico to obtain divinatory messages during dreaming.

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Cannabis sativa - Marijuana
Cannabaceae - Warm, temperate zones worldwide
The original home of Cannabis is thought to be central Asia, but it has spread around the globe with the exception of Arctic regions and areas of wet tropical forests.

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Celastrus Paniculatus - Celastrus Seeds
India - Temperate zones worldwide
For thousands of years, Ayurveda medicine men have used the Celastrus seeds for their potent medicinal properties. It was used for many different ailments, but most notably it was administered as a powerful brain tonic, appetite stimulant, and emetic.

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Claviceps purpurea - Ergot Alkaloid
Calvicipitaceae - Temperate zones worldwide
Ergot: A Fungus Disease Of Rye That Contains LSD

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Coleus blumei - Painted Nettle
Labiatae - Tropical and warm zones of Europe, Africa, Asia
COLEUS (Coleus pumas and C. blumei) is cultivated by the Mazatecs of Oaxaca, Mexico, who reputedly employ the leaves in the some way as they use the leaves of Salvia divinorum

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Conocybe siligineoides - Conocybe
Labiatae - Tropical and warm zones of Europe, Africa, Asia
Conocybe Siligineoides is a sacred fungus endemic only to Mexico.

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Coryphantha compacta - Pincushion Cactus
Cactaceae - Southwestern North America, Mexico, Cuba
C. compacta is believed to be the Tarahumara híkuri known as "bakánawa." Bakánawa, like most híkuri, is both respected and feared as a god, and considered to have a soul and human emotions.

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Cymbopogon densiflorus - Lemongrass
Gramineae - Warm zones of Africa and Asia
In Tanganyika the native medicine men smoke the flowers of Cymbopogon densiflorus alone or with tobacco to cause dreams which they believe foretell the future.

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Cyperus Articulatus - Piri Piri
Cyperaceae - Tropical Wetlands
Guinea rush grass, or Piri Piri, is native to the Amazon basin, where native tribes have used it as a medicine for hundreds of years; but it is also known to be a potent dream herb, euphorant and sedative.

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Cystisus canariensis - Genista
Leguminosae - Southern Europe, northern Africa, western Asia; Canary Islands, Mexico
GENISTA (Cytisus canariensis) is employed as an hallucinogen in the magic practices of Yaqui medicine men in northern Mexico.

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Damiana Leaf - Turnera diffusa
Turneraceae - Mexico, Central and South America and the West Indies
Damiana is a small shrub with aromatic leaves found throughout Mexico, Central and South America and the West Indies. The botanical name of the plant describes its use as an aphrodisiac.

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Datura metel - Datura
Solanaceae - Tropical and warm temperature zones worldwide
The Indian Thorn Apple - Datura metel - was first documented in Sanskrit literature. The Arabic physician Avicenna touted the importance of its medicinal applications as well as prescribed the exact amount of dosage to the Arabs, who categorized the plant as “mokederrat narcotica.” Ingesting too much Datura metel can be dangerous.

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Desfontainia spinosa - Taique
Solanaceae - Tropical and moderate zones worldwide
Desfontainia spinosa, a beautiful shrub 1-6 feet in height, has glossy dark green leaves, resembling those of Christmas holly, and tubular red flowers with a yellow tip.

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Duboisia hopwoodii - Pituri Bush
Solanaceae - Central America
The pituri plant had enormous economic value to the Aborigines. Pituri roads existed with extensive trade networks that extended from northern to southern desert areas, which permitted Aborigines to trade the plant.

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Empathogenic Effects of Sceletium tortuosum
by Groot van der Gros
As far as being a potentiator of cannabis, there is no doubt that sceletium has this effect. Much more was gotten from much less when sceletium was added. Overall, it is my opinion that the pleasant effects of this substance, when used in moderation far outweigh the negative ones. Furthermore, the effects on cannabis potentiation are marked.

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Entada rheedii - African Dream Herb
Pantropical - Indian Ocean
This liana vine is well known for its enormously large seeds and has been used, by African tribal healers, for centuries to commune with the spirit world through their dreams. The medicine men believe that by consuming the seeds of this magical plant they are able to induce lucid dreams.

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Epithelantha micromeris - Hikuli Mulato
Cactaceae - Southwestern North America, Mexico
Considered a "false peyote" which is often called "hikuli mulato," the "dark skinned peyote".

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Ethnopharmacology of Ska María Pastora
by Leander J. Valdés III, José Luis Díaz* and Ara G. Paul
S. divinorum is one of several vision-inducing plants employed by the Mazatec Indians, one of the native peoples living in the mountains and upland valleys of northeastern Oaxaca. Unlike other Mexican tribes, there is little information concerning their existence before the arrival of the conquering Spanish, who reduced the Mazatecan population through exploitation and disease.

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Galbulimima belgreveana - Agara
Himantandraceae - Northeast Australia, Malasia
The use of Galbulimima belgraveana in Papua New Guinea has been reported in several popular books on psychoactive plants. The chewing of Galbulimima belgraveana bark and Homalomena sp. leaves (ereriba) has been reported to induce visions and a dream-like state.

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Heimia salicifolia - Sinicuichi (Sinicuiche)
Lythraceae - Southern North America to Argentina, West Indies
The natives believe that sinicuichi (sinicuiche) has sacred or supernatural qualities, since they hold that it helps them recall events which took place many years earlier as if they had happened yesterday; others assert that they are able, with sinicuichi, to remember pre-natal events.

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Helichrysum Odoratissmum - Imphepho
Asteraceae - Temperate South Africa
Tribes in South Africa have used Imphepho to make smoking blends, often they mixed it with Shamanic grade tobacco to induce deep trance states and shamanic visions.

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Hemidesmus indicus - Sugandi, Sariva
Apocynaceae - Subtropical India
This healing plant, known in ancient Ayurveda medicine as Sugandi, has been revered for its medicinal properties for nearly a thousand years. It naturally produces a wide variety of beneficial compounds known for their healing, calmative and dream inducing effects.

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History of Sceletium tortuosum (Kanna)
by Keith Edley
Other reports confirm that kougoed induces feelings of euphoria and deep meditative tranquility. Subjects report that the relaxation induced by kougoed enables one to focus on inner thoughts and feelings, and enables one to intensely concentrate on the beauty of nature. Some subjects describe elevated sensations of the skin to fine touch, as well as sexual arousal

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Hyoscyamus albus - Yellow Henbane
Solanaceae - Mediterranean, Near East
Hyoscyamus albus, or yellow henbane, was the most important tool in ancient times of inducing trances and providing visions to oracles and soothsayers. Today, the plant is still treasured in many parts of the world for its medicinal and psychoactive properties.

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Hyoscyamus niger - Black Henbane
Solanaceae - Europe, north Africa, southwestern and central Asia
Black Henbane was used as a ritual plant by the pre-Indo-European peoples of central Europe. In Australia, handfuls of henbane seeds were discovered in a ceremonial urn along with bones and snail shells, dating back to the early Bronze Age. During the Paleolithic period, it has been speculated that henbane was used for ritual and shamanic purposes throughout Eurasia.

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Ipomoea violacea - Morning Glory
Convovulaceae - Mexico to South America
Regardless of what you’ve read anywhere else; Morning Glory has a rich place in the history of psychedelic and visionary use in historical traditions across multiple cultures, including the Chontal Indians of Oaxaca, Mexico, and the highly evolved Aztec Culture. These seeds, without question, have been utilized throughout history as a means of communicating with the gods of each culture.

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Kaempferia galanga - Galanga
Zingiberaceae - Tropical zones of Africa, southeastern Asia
Beyond the high content of essential oil in the rhizome, little is known of the chemistry of the plant. Hallucinogenic activity might possibly be due to constituents of the essential oils.

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Lactuca virosa - Wild Lettuce, Green Endive, Lettuce Opium
N.O. Compositae - Central and Southern Europe, Northern Asia
The Hopi smoked the dried resin, or sap, obtained from the plant. The Hopi believe that induced dream states contain more information about reality than the conscious waking state. Wild lettuce, aka lettuce opium, is said to enhances the vividness of dreams when smoked prior to sleep.

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Leonotis leonurus - Lion's Tail
Labiatae - South Africa
Smoked by the Hottentot tribes smoke the resinous flowering tops and leaves from this plant as a euphoriant.

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Leonurus sibiricus - Siberian Motherwort
Labiatae - Siberia to East Asia, Central and South America
Leaves from Siberian Motherwort (Marihuanilla) are collected while the plant is in bloom, dried, and then smoked in either a pipe or with rolling papers. No toxic dosage is known and typically 1 to 2 grams of the dried leaf is enough for one rolled cigarette. It is often mixed with other herbal smoking blends. As a topical medication, it can be prepared steeped in alcohol. The roots and leaves can also be taken as a tea.

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Lycoperdon mixtecorum - Bovista
Lycoperdaceae - Temperate zones of Mexico
PUFFBALLS (Lycoperdon mixtecorum and L. marginotum) are used by the Mixtec Indicins Of Oaxaca, Mexico as auditory hallucinogens.

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Macropiper Excelsum - Maori Kava
Piperaceae - New Zealand
This subspecies from the New Zealand mainland is the variety used by the Maori in their medicines and rituals and belongs to the kava family.

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Mandragora officinarum - Mandrake
Solanaceae - Southern Europe, North Africa, West Asia, Himalayas
Mandrake is unquestionably the most famous magical plant, and the most widely used psychoactive of ancient through medieval times. Mandrake use is much less common today, but certain parts of the world still value its medicinal and magical properties.

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Maquira sclerophylia - Rapa dos Indios
Moraceae - Tropical zones of South America
In the Pariana region of the central Amazon in Brazil, the indians formerly prepared a hallucinogenic snuff of the dried fruits. The snuff was taken in tribal ceremonials, but encroachment of civilization has obliterated it's use.

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Melissa officinalis - Lemon Balm
Southern Europe and Northern Africa
Lemon Balm has long been known for its aromatic qualities and its culinary uses. The Greeks used Lemon Balm to treat insomnia, to calm nerves and alleviate anxiety. It was used as an ingredient in Mediterranean dishes, as a garnish, as an additive to flavor deserts, to make hot and cold teas, and as a flavoring agent in candies and gums; its essential oils were used in much the same manner as spearmint oil.

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Mimosa hostilis - Jurema Tree
Leguminosae - Mexico and Brazil
The preparation of the brew from fresh Jurema root bark for trance possession rituals, is, in itself, a complex ritual of the Atikum tribe.

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Mitragyna speciosa - Kratom
Rubiceae - Southeast Asia
Kratom is traditionally only used in Thailand, although some use in Malaysia has been reported. Use dates far enough back that its beginning can't be determined. It is often used as a substitute for opium when opium is unavailable, or to moderate opium addiction.

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Mucuna pruriens - Cowhage
Leguminosae - Tropical and warm zones worldwide
M. pruriens is a leguminous climbing plant, with long, slender branches, alternate, lanceolate leaves on hairy petioles, 6 to 12 inches long, with large, white flowers, growing in clusters of two or three, with a bluish-purple, butterfly-shaped corolla.

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Native Hallucinogen Piptadenias
M.D., Ph.B. Marcel Granier-Doyeax (Member of WHO Expert Committee on Addiction-Producing Drugs)
From very remote times, the indigenous inabitants of various parts of South America have been aware of the hallucinogenic properties of diverse species of the genus Piptadenia. The purpose of the present study is to bring out the salient facts concerning this botanical genus.

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Nicotiana Rustica - Mapucho
Solanaceae - North and South America
Mapacho is considered very sacred by Amazonian shamans and is employed alone (by tabaqueros) or in combination with other plants in shamanic practices.

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Nymphaea caerulea - Blue Lily / Blue Lotus
Nymphaeaceae - Temperate and warm zones worldwide
Creating a feeling of well being, euphoria and ecstasy, Nymphaea caerulea (blue lotus) is a water plant growing on the shores of lakes and rivers.

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Oncidium ceboletta - Hikuri Orchid
Orchidaceae - Central America, South America, Florida
Oncidium longifolium is known as a peyote replacement among the Tarahumara.

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Panaeolus spinctrinus - Hoop-Petticoat
Coprinaceae - Cosmopolitan
Under construction.

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Panaeolus subbalteatus - Dark-rimmed Mottlegill
Broome - Eurasia, North and Central America
Panaeolus subbalteatus is a psilocybin-containing mushroom that also has large amounts of serotonin and 5-hydroxytryptophan, which may account for its reportedly relatively mellow effects.

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Pandanus
Screw Pine - Tropical and warm zones of Europe, Africa, Asia
Natives of New Guinea employ the fruit of an unidentified species of Pandanus
for hallucinogenic purposes, unfortunately little is known of this use.

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Papaver somniferum - Opium Poppy
Asia, Italy, France, Germany, Switzerland, Spain, Africa
Ancient peoples considered this a sacred medicinal plant and a source of powerful shamanic potions. The opium poppy was a magical ritual plant among the Germanic tribes. The opium poppy is one of the most significant plants in history, having had considerable impact on the human condition and quality of life; both for good and bad.

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Passiflora - Passion Flower
Rainforests, mainly Central and South America
The psychoactive properties of the Passiflora genus as a whole is still awaiting thorough ethnopharmacological study, however there are several species that have a rich history as entheogens.

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Peganum harmala - Syrian Rue
Zygophyllaceae - Western Asia to India
The seeds, as well as the roots, of P. harmala contain a mixture of the harmala alkaloids, armine and harmaline. When admnstered to humans, the harmala alkaloids are serotonin antagonists, CNS stimulants, hallucinogens and extemely potent, short term MAO inhibitors.

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Pelecyphora aselliformis - Peyotillo
Cactacteae - Mexico
P. aselliformis is a well known medicinal peyote sold in the markets of San Luís Potosí, Mexico, and is used as a remedy for fevers and rheumatic pains. Extracts have also been shown to have antibiotic activity.

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Pernettya furens - Hierba loca
Ericaceae - Mexico to the Andes; Galapagos Islands; New Zealand
The fruit of tagili, of Ecuador, is well recognized as poisonous, capable of inducing hallucinations and other psychic alterations as well as affecting the motor nerves.

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Petunia violaceae - Shanin
Solanaceae - Warm zones of North and South America
SHANIN (Petunia violacea) is one of the most recently reported hallucinogens. It is taken by the Indians in Ecuador to induce the sensation of flight.

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Peyote (Lophophora williamsii)
Mexico, Texas
Peyote (Lophophora williamsii grows in South-Eastern America and in northern regions of Mexico. In Mexico, peyote has been used for divination in shamanic rituals and in the treatment of ailments for at least 10,000 years.

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Phalaris arundinacea - Red Canary Grass
Graminaea - Cosmopolitan
The plant contains DMT, beta-carbolines, 5-MEO-demethyltryptamine, and trace amounts of bufotenine.

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Phragmites australis - Common Reed
Graminaea - Cosmopolitan
A perenniel grass with a long association with humans, the common reed is native to Eurasia and Africa but has spread all over the world with people, even though it has practically never been cultivated.

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Piper methysticum - Kava Kava
Piperaceae - South Pacific, Hawaii
Kava Kava is also known by the names Ava, Ava Pepper, Intoxicating Pepper, Kawa Awa, Kawa Kawa, Wati, Yogona, and Waka. This herb, a member of the pepper family, grows as a bush in the South Pacific.

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Psilocybe cubensis - San Isidro
Strophariaceae - Cosmopolitan in the tropics
Psilocybe cubensis is distinguished by its slightly curved caps which can grow up to 8 cm in diameter, and feature a yellow or golden center. Like all mushrooms containing psilocybin, Psilocybe cubensis provides a potent visionary experience, often with shamanic qualities.

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Psilocybe cyanescens - Wavy Cap
Strophariaceae - North America, Central Europe
Psilocybe cyanescens is a psilocybin/psilocin-containing mushroom most commonly found in the Pacific Northwest, but the most potent varieties grown in and are used by mushroom cults in central Europe.

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Psilocybe mexicana - Teonanacatl
Strophariaceae - Cosmopolitan
Few plants of the gods have ever been held in greater reverence than the sacred mushrooms of Mexico. So hallowed were these fungi that the Aztecs called them Teonancatl ("divine flesh") and used them only in the most holy of their ceremonies. Even though, as fungi, mushrooms do not blossom, the Aztecs referred to them as "flowers," and the Indians who still use them in religious rituals have endearing terms for them, such as "little flowers." 

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Psilocybe semilanceata - Liberty Cap
Strophariaceae - Cosmopolitan, except in Mexico
Psilocybe Semilanceata was first described in 1900, by Civil War veteran, Charles McIlvaine in his seminal mycological treatise “One Thousand American Fungi,” where he described the Liberty Cap and all of its “strange effects.” However, it wasn’t until 1963 when Albert Hofmann and Roger Heim extensively studied the mushroom and published a report detailing this mushroom’s psychoactive compounds. Shortly after their publication, Liberty Caps made their way into popular culture and inspired many people to seek out this naturally occurring hallucinogen.

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Psychotria viridis - Chacruna
Rubiaceae - Amozonia
The classical principle admixtures of Ayahuasca and Yagè commonly employed throughout Amazonian Peru, Ecuador and Brazil. Related to the coffee plant in a large genus of over 700 species, Psychotria viridis is a small glabrous tree or shrub reaching 14 foot.

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Rynchosia phaseoloides - Piule
Leguminosae - Tropical and warm zones worldwide
The beautiful red and black beans of several species of Rhynchosia may have
been eployed in ancient Mexico as an hallucinogenic.

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Salvia divinorum - Diviner's Sage
Labiatae - Oaxaca, Mexico
Salvia divinorum is a perennial labiate used for curing and divination by the Mazatec Indians of Oaxaca, Mexico. The psychotropic effects the plant produces are compared to those of the other hallucinogens employed by the Mazatecs, the morning glory, Rivea corymbosa L., Hallier F. and the psilocybin-containing mushrooms. A discussion of the role of ska María Pastora in the "native pharmacopoeia" is based on previous reports and fieldwork by the authors with a Mazatec shaman.

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Sceletium tortuosum - Kanna
Aizoaceae - South Africa
The family Mesembryanthemaceae contains many pharmacologically active species. One of the most utilized by native peoples in South Africa was the genus Sceletium(Kanna), for which whole tribes would travel hundreds of miles to pick a years supply.

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Scirpus atrovirens - Bakana
Cyperaceae - Cosmopolitan
One of the most powerful herbs of the Tarahumara of Mexico is apparently a
species of Scirpus.

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Solandra grandiflora - Chalice Vine
Solanaceae - Tropical zones of South America, Mexico
Many aboriginal Indian tribes from central Mexico and northern Central America have long believed in the magical and mysterious powers of Solandra grandiflora, (Kieli/Kieri-Plant of the god’s), some of these tribes include the Huastec, Huichol, and Mixtec; there are even pre-Colombian, Aztec era artifacts clearly depicting Kieri that may actually predate their Peyote (Lophophora williamsii) cult rituals.

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Supreme Court Sides With Church in Ayahuasca Case
22 FEB 2006
In a UNANIMOUS RULING Tuesday, the Supreme Court decided that O Centro Espirita Beneficiente Uniao do Vegetal (UDV), a religious congregation based in New Mexico, can use ayahuasca, a hallucinogenic tea, in its ceremonies.

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Tabernatnthe Iboga - Iboga
Apocynaceae - Tropical zones of Western Africa
Iboga is basic to the Bwiti cult and other secret societies in Gabon and the Congo.

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Tagetes lucida - Marigolds
Americas to Argentina
Tagetes lucida, widely identified as a powerfully psychoactive strain of the marigold flower, was first documented by the Aztecs. They used Tagetes lucida in their ritual incense they referred to as yyauhtl. This name was derived from the Aztecan word ujana, meaning “to offer incense in sacrifices.”

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Tanaecium nocturnum - Koribo
Bignoniaceae - Tropical zones of Central and South America
This climbing vine grows natively in Central America, especially in southern Panama. It is also native to the Amazon, West Indies and the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Though this plant has not been extensively studied, there is ethnographic research detailing the aboriginal preparation and use of this plant to make a strong hallucinogenic snuff called Koribo by the natives.

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Teltrapteris methystica - Caapi-pinima
Malpighiaceae - Tropical zones of South America, Mexico, West Indies
ANOTHER KIND OF CAAPI is prepared from Tetrapteris methistica, a forest vine also belonging to the family Malpighioceae.

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Trichocereus pachanoi - San Pedro Cactus
Cactaceae - Temperate and warm zones of South America
The San Pedro Cactus, or Trichocereus pachanoi, was in use at the very beginning of Andean civilization when it was highly prized as the “materia prima” (raw material) of the shamans of that era. In the central Andes district of Peru, as well as in the surrounding desert regions, the cactus has been an important ritual plant for thousands of years.

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Virola theiodora - Cumala Tree
Myristicaceae - Tropical zones of Central and South America
Most, if not all, species of Virola have a copious red "resin" in the inner bark. The resin from a number of species is prepared as an hallucinogenic snuff or small pellets.

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Vocanga - Vocanga
Apocynaceae - Tropical zones in Africa
Voacanga africana is one of the well guarded secrets of the African Magic Healers. Little is know about the actual use of the seeds and the bark of several Voacanga species (including V.africana), other than that the plant is held in high esteem for ritual purposes.

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White Lotus - Nymphaea ampla
Mexico, Yucatán, Mayan culture
The effects of the flower when prepared as a tea or decoction and ingested are said to be much like the opiate apomorphine. White lotus actually contains aporphine, which is closely related to apomorphine, differing only in the lack of two hydroxyl groups. It is very likely that is can be transformed into apomorphine through processing, storage or through one’s own metabolism. There are many who report feelings of floating and euphoric sensations after ingesting a potion made from the white water lily.

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Withania somnifera - Ashwagandha
Ancient Egypt, India, and China
Widely used back in Mesopotamia for its medicinal and narcotic properties, this member of the Nightshade Family, was well known in ancient Egypt and characterized and classified as a sakrân intoxicant in Old Arabic.

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Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium)
14 February 2003
by Arutama
Wormwood is an ancient plant who’s roots can be traced back to ancient times. Most don’t think about this one fact, but the Greek goddess; Artemis is where this plant gets its name from. Most scholars believe that this was a name attributed to all Artemisia species, and not just Artemisia absinthium, but that’s quite a testament to this plant, rich in historical value, and one of the most infamous psychoactive plants known today.

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Yohimbe - Pausinystalia yohimba
Africa, Ancient Egypt
In addition to its sexual stimulant and aphrodisiac qualities, the bark of the yohimbe tree has been reported to also be hallucinogenic when smoked. The psychoactive effects are primarily due to the main active constituent yohimbine. Yohimbine has sympatholytic and local anesthetic properties. It also has vasodilating effects, especially on the sex organs.